Arduino programs are called sketches. If you type in all of the example sketches by hand, you'll develop your programming skills faster. But, sometimes it's helpful to have tested sketches on hand for troubleshooting circuts or finding bugs. So, all of the complete sketches are provided for your use below.
If this is your first time working with the Arduino system, you will need to set up a programming software option: Arduino IDE, Arduino Web Editor, or Codebender : edu.
Arduino IDE software and drivers install on your Windows, Mac, or Linux computer. You do not need to be online to use it.
Codebender : edu is an online programming tool that works on Windows, Mac, Linux, or Chromebook, in a Chrome or Firefox browser session. You need to install a browser plug-in and drivers, and be online to use it. Registration for an account that may be shared in a classroom is required.
Links
[1] https://learn.parallax.com/sites/default/files/content/shield/robo_ch1/code/RoboticsBOEShield_Ch1_20120223b.zip
[2] https://docs.arduino.cc/cloud/web-editor/tutorials/getting-started/getting-started-web-editor
[3] http://www.arduino.cc/
[4] https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide